Organizing Function Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Arranging Function - Essay Example In this the firm needs to deal with five territories to be specific, division of work, departmentalization, setting up length of control and assignment, (Boone 2005). Inside division of work else called work specialization, the chief attempts to coordinate the work requests with the aptitudes, information and experience of the representative. Division of work is progressively successful when the most qualified manager by methods for expertise level and experience is allocated a given errand. The more perfect a laborer is to the work procedure prerequisites, the more noteworthy the degree of conceivable specialization. In departmentalization, the chief tries to bunch workers or employments into sensible elements. This should be possible in five different ways, (Plunkett et al (2005). Utilitarian departmentalization is finished by the idea of exercises in the division. Item departmentalization unites all the capacities important for effective creation and conveyance of a specific item. Procedure departmentalization depends on the cycles that an item experiences. The cycles decide the division. Topographical departmentalization utilizes zones to make a division for example ... Client departmentalization is characterized by ownership of a mutual arrangement of qualities like the psychological emergency clinics as a wellspring of customers for a foundation working with intellectually hindered people. Range or control implies the chief characterizes the degree to which the leadership hierarchies run and the breaking point in number of workers inside one line of creation or level of order. One representative should be responsible to just a single administrator, in what is known as the solidarity of order. In the scalar standard, the line of power ought to be obviously plot for every specialist. The administrator is additionally worried about designation, which is the moving of errands and obligations and the giving of power equivalent to the undertakings doled out to subordinates. This improves the adaptability of tasks meaning the association is better ready to address the requirements of its customers, (Boone 2005) In arranging, the chief is likewise worried about information the executives, which is the capacity to sort out and control assembled data inside an association. A chief accumulates data from different sources. He enables his group to have the option to utilize the accessible data to better the association that way the group can be said to have for information (the limit of individuals or gatherings or associations to follow up on data). Openings, dangers qualities and shortcomings of an association can best be tended to just if the association can utilize data accessible. The procedure includes a cognizant exertion to utilize the data. For the data to be valuable to the association be that as it may, it must be precise, dependable and modern. This can be said to an association's scholarly

The Self and Nature Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Self and Nature - Essay Example Accordingly, it has prompted the obliteration of nature which impactsly affects the people. A genuine model is the situation of an Earth-wide temperature boost. In the earlier years, individuals had not abused nature and in this way such issues were not in presence. Because of the expanded populace and the ravenousness of people, increasingly more mischief on nature has been directed. In spite of this, there are different people who have incredible enthusiasm for the preservation of nature. This has been encouraged by different networks to their ability. Along these lines people should think about network while undertaking their obligations. Right now, Wildlife has been supplanted by people who deforest land and use it for water system and along these lines use synthetic compounds which effectsly affect creatures and air. There are different nature assets that have gotten wiped out because of the abuse. It is apparent that recuperating devastated nature back to its unique highlights after obliteration is for the most part inconceivable and if potential, takes a great deal of time and assets. This is clear in the different endeavors utilized by the Chinese government in attempting to give water to its enormous populace. In spite of it building a portion of the world’s biggest dams and trench, it has been of incredible cost which would not have been brought about if nature was placed before personal responsibility. Subsequently it is important to guarantee that it is very much monitored in light of the fact that it will be of help not exclusively to the present age however for a long time into the future. The people group assumes a critical job in tending to different issues, for example, nature and self. This is fundamentally in light of the fact that numerous individuals from a network share basic interests and therefore could have effect on its individuals with varying assessments. Therefore, they assume a huge job in instructing individuals about self and nature (Orr 134). Legitimate comprehension of nature is basic in guaranteeing that individuals from a network make appropriate judgment concerning nature. For instance, there are different life forms that get by in extraordinary conditions. Any changes in condition render their reality hard. Because of expanded total populace, nature has been left in danger from misuse. Subsequently, different establishments have contrived strategies to attempt to control multiplication rate. By and large, individuals are just thoughtful about transient advantages procured from an action contrally to the interests of networks which are for the most part long haul. This has presented even danger to the absolute most significant common assets, for example, water and food. Hence legitimate comprehension of self and nature is essential for individuals to know whatever fits them most. At present most people from creating nations are egotistical with nature coming as a last thought in their endeavor. It is obvious that such individuals have been moving toward the west and as such could affect them. The majority of these common assets misused are restricted in their gracefully. Therefore, huge extraction must be helpful to people just for a brief timeframe yet have unfavorable impacts over the long haul (Ridley 157). Notwithstanding the difficulties looked ordinarily, it isn't totally misused. Subsequently, joined endeavors by networks, governments, private parts and science and innovation will be of incredible assistance in its protection. Right now, different non-legislative associations have been in the front line of guaranteeing that no

To analyse how social network marketing can help in the effective marketing of a business - Free Essay Example

Chapter One Introduction Aims and Objectives Introduction For some marketing managers, the twenty-first century may appear a very strange place indeed. Much of that strangeness comes from the electronification of traditional marketing practices. OConnor et al (2004) said that direct and database marketing might be fairly well understood, but what about the concepts such as social network marketing. This is one of the latest tools available to todays marketing managers. The most popular social network marketing tools are Facebook, Twitter, My Space, LinkedIn, etc., but there are some other different social network marketing methods like blogs, e-mail marketing, video promotion on YouTube and many more. In truth, the migration from traditional marketing to internet marketing is part of a process that has taken place over the past decade. But what is Social network marketing and how it is different from ordinary marketing, advantages and disadvantages of social networking, its impact on other businesses has been researched in this dissertation. Aim To analyse how social network marketing can help in the effective marketing of a business Objectives Analyse the impact of social network marketing on other businesses. Analyse the advantages and the disadvantages of the social network marketing in a business context. Analyse the effectiveness of social network marketing. Research Background Chapter two Research Background The Cumin Restaurant The Anand family have a long and successful history of catering, originating from their home in Nairobi, Kenya. They came to the UK in 1975 and have been in the catering business ever since. Their first restaurant in the UK was The Brilliant, followed by Madhus, both in Middlesex. These were followed by Curry Craze in Wembley, Curry Special in Ilford and Curry Fever in Leicester, all of which are still very successful today. The restaurant capacity is 74 cover over two floors 20 on the ground floor and 54 on the first floor. Being in the city centre, they are also an ideal place to hold business meetings or lunches. (The Cumin Restaurant online, 2011) Chino Latino, Park Plaza Their central Nottingham hotel features Chino Latino, the multi award-winning, on-site restaurant.Chino Latino serves fresh, gourmet Pan-Asian cuisine and Latin-inspired cocktails in a relaxed, modern atmosphere. One of the top Nottingham restaurants, Chino Latino offers a fantastic choice of a la carte, set, tasting and bento box menus. The bar offers an array of exciting cocktails, bottled beers and bar platters in a distinctively Latin atmosphere. Literature Review 2011 Chapter three Introduction The changing media environment Social Network Marketing Branding on Social Networks Marketing in Post Modernism World Customer Perception and Satisfaction Customer Psychology and Behaviour Summary Introduction A literature review is a survey and discussion of the literature in a given area of study. It is a concise overview of what has been studied, argued, and established about a topic, and it is usually organised chronologically or thematically. A literature review is written in essay format. It is not a commented bibliography, because it groups related works together and discusses trends and developments rather than focusing on one item at a time. It is not a summary; rather, it evaluates previous and current research in regard to how relevant and/or useful it is and how it relates to your own research. (University of Toronto Online, 02.12.2009) Ridley (2009) described literature review as the part of the thesis where there is extensive reference to related research and theory; it is where connections are made between the source texts and the research among these sources. It also refers to the process involved in creating the review that appears in the thesis. The changing media environment The mainstream print and broadcast media have faced major challenges in recent years, with many newspaper titles facing closure and television channels facing shortfalls in revenue. An important reason for this has been migration of significant amount of advertising budgets to online channels. Research by Forrester Jennings (2007) has indicated that audiences and attention is shifting to online channels as 52 per cent of Europeans are regularly online at home. Around 36 per cent of European internet users watch less TV, 28 per cent have reduced their newspaper and magazine reading and 17 per cent have decreased listening to the radios since going online. This shift away from conventional media has been further exacerbated by the recession from 2008 which led many advertisers to cut their budgets, resulting in print and broadcast media receiving a diminishing share of the declining total budget (Jennings, 2007). Online advertising has been the beneficiary of recent changes in the allo cation of advertising budgets, but this general shift hides a number of different formats for communicating with target audience, ranging from mass appeal banner ads placed on frequently visited websites, through to personalised e-mail campaigns in which the message can be uniquely tailored to the requirements of individual target buyers. Social media can be characterised as online applications, platforms and media which aim to facilitate interactions, collaborations and the sharing of content (Universal Maccann International, 2008, p.10). the importance of social network media lies in the interaction between consumers and the community, and in the facilitation of asynchronous, immediate, interactive, low-cost communication (Miller et al, 2009, p. 306). Social network sites allow individuals to construct a public or semi-public profile within a bounded system; to articulate a list of other users with whom they share a connection, and to view and traverse their list of connections and those made by others within the system (Boyd and Ellison, 2007, p. 211). On larger social network sites a connection, individuals are typically not looking to meet new people but are more interested in managing relationships by maintaining contacts with old friends who are already part of the extended social network (Boyd and Ellison, 200 7; Hart et al, 2008). To sum up, social network sites can be seen as alternative communication tools which support existing relationships and activities in a fun and colourful way that can enrich the users experience (Ofcom, 2008). Many social network websites have emerged; attracting distinctive groups on users in terms of their demographics, for example the average age of users of Bebo is lower than for Facebook. Many appeal to communities with specific shared interests. In addition to consumers-oriented social network sites, many professional and trade associations have set up networks to exchange information of particular interest to member, for example the social networking site LinkedIn is particularly aimed at professionals. There is now lot of evidence that social network sites have become mainstream and it has been reported that globally, these sites account for one in every 11 minutes spent online. In the UK, this figure is even higher one in every six minutes (Neilson Company, 2009). Over half (54 per cent) of internet users between 16 and 24 have set up their own page or profile on a social networking site (Ofcom, 2008). The take up of online social media has been at the expense of traditional media, and a study by Ofcom of the media habits of UK 15-24 year olds shows that since using such media for the first time, the amount of time spent reading national newspapers declined by 27 per cent; reading local newspaper by 22 per cent; reading magazines by 21 per cent; listening radio by 15 per cent and watching TV by 13 per cent (Ofcom, 2006). Online social media offers opportunities to connect these hard-to-reach audiences drifting away from traditional media. Social Network Marketing Marketers need to be where their customers and potential customers are, and increasingly this is on social networking sites. Most of their marketers have started using social networks to market their businesses and to gain financial freedom. It also markets and then offers the product or service to the relevant audience and provides significant benefits using the dialogues and personal connections and to gain a wider audience for the product, but according to Scott (2007, p.229), marketing on these sites can be tricky because the online community at social networking sites hates open commercial messages. There are abundant amount of active users across sites like Facebook, Twitter, MySpace and Hi5; 2.6 billion minutes are spent on Facebook each day (Shih 2009). Social networking has become a rapidly growing global phenomenon spreading across the world. According to Chaffey and Smith (2008) well-run communities on the social networks strengthen relationships, trust and loyalty, as well as maintaining brand awareness in the minds of the community members. Communities also allow a unique opportunity to stay close to customers, their concerns, their worries and their desires. Despite these benefits, building an active community can be time consuming and difficult though cheap. Careful moderation and seeding of topics from a subject expert may be required. An alternative approach is to link up to an established community that has greater independence. Either way social networks are the part of the dynamic dialogue and dynamic opportunities that todays marketer enjoy. Social network networking has many advantages which makes it an interesting and a useful marketing tool for any business. This tool is cheap compared to other methods of advertising, when it comes to costing to reach the target audience. Another advantage is that it is easy to record and review any marketing campaign which makes it easier to analyse the changes that need to be made in service or products. But when we look at the negative side of it, social network marketing has got some disadvantages as well. According to Shih (2009), the biggest drawback of social network marketing is that the business could be the main targets for the detractors and their criticism which would make people who are interested in the business turn off by reading the negative comments. Some of the common disadvantages of social networks are security and safety of the business, violation of copyrights, vulnerable to thefts and scams. (Sethi and Adhikari, 2010) In general, the problem with the social networks is they need frequent updating and it is time consuming as well. Branding on Social Networks Social networking sites offer brands many opportunities for engagement. When brand profiles are created, the brands can exist as people on the sites. Friends can interact with the brands, share information, photos, and videos, and participate in two-way communication. The brand as person enhances the ability of a brand to use conversation marketing. Building a brand persona strengthens brand personality, differentiates brands from competitors, and sets the stage for a perceived relationship. Assuming the brands persona is likable and credible, it can facilitate message internalisation (the process by which a consumer adopts a brand belief as his or her own). (Tuten, 2008) Why would a person friend a brand? There are lots of incentives for friending brands, as explained in the Never Ending Friending report. These include incentive-driven motives like getting invitations to upcoming events, receiving information on sales and special offers and relationship-oriented motives such as a desire to support the company because it offers high quality products, to associate with the brand and its image, and to respond to a friends recommendation about the brand. The value proposition is already in place. (Clifton, 2009) Ultimately, branding on social networking sites promotes brand awareness, brand recall, and, if done well, builds on brand loyalty and brand equity. Social networks offers opportunities for brand promotion and engagement for those brands that learn to leverage the unique attributes of network in question. (Clifton, 2009) However, social networking is not without its flaws. Advertising, even when developed and distributed in superlative online venues, still suffers from the limitations facing all forms of advertising. Clutter is a tremendous distraction for people as they are faced with advertising in and on every imaginable media. Online readers are bombarded with sometimes numerous ads on a single page. With the many display ads, profile components, and widgets visible on social network pages, clutter is an issue. There is also limited inventory for advertising space on the sites. (Tuten, 2008) Social networks offer the greatest benefits to brands when the brands play to a networks culture, developing brand personas and engaging friends in dialogue. However, the workhorse of social network advertising is still the display ad. Unfortunately, display ads are not nearly as effective on social networking sites as they are on other types of websites. Clickthrough rates are much lower. (Clifton, 2009) Marketing in Post Modernism world Postmodernism invites a unique perspective of how to manage marketing and how to understand the consumer. Postmodernism says that social experiences are an interplay of myths which produce regimes of truth and that much of what we understand or believe about the individual, self, freedom, structure and so on is arbitrary and short-lived, fleeting rather than essential and fixed. We need to change our views as the customer changes. The main conditions of postmodernism marketing are hyper-reality, fragmentation, reversals of production and consumption, decentring of the subject, paradoxical juxtapositions (of opposites) and loss of commitment. (Kotler, 2009, p. 27) Hyper-reality: Exemplified by the virtual words of cyberspace and the pseudo worlds of theme parks, hotels and heritage centres, hyper-reality involves the creation of consumption sites and marketing phenomena that more real then real. Here the distinction between reality and fantasy is momentarily blurred. (Kienscherf, 2004) Fragmentation: Marketing in postmodernity is unfailingly fast, furious, frenetic, frenzied, fleeting and hyperactive. (Kotler, 2009) Reversals of production and consumption: Postmodern consumers are active in the production of meaning, of marketing, of consumption. They do rather than have done to them. (Kotler, 2009) Decentring of the subject: Centeredness is where individuals are defined by their occupation, social class, demographics, postcode, and personalities and so on. Postmodernism suggests that this is not so, and that the harder marketers try to pin down the decentred consuming subject the less successful they will be. Paradoxical juxtapositions (of opposites): We have examples of the mixing and matching of opposites and the combination of contradictory styles in the world famous Irish dance show Riverdance or Lord of Rings. (Kienscherf, 2004) Loss of commitment: Growing disillusionment with the delivery of promises and the willingness to try different experiences has resulted in a loss of commitment. The postmodern consumer takes on multiple, sometimes even contradictory projects, to which he/she is marginally and momentarily committed. This is observed in all walks of life: in relationships, in professions, and consumption. Marketing managers experience this when consumer loyalties to brands change. (Kotler, 2009) Customer Perception and satisfaction Customers perceptions of the quality of a service and their overall satisfaction have some observation indicators. Customers may smile when they talk about the product or service. They may say good things about the product or service. Both actions are manifestations or indicators of an underlying construct we might call customer satisfaction. The term customer satisfaction and perception of quality are labels we use to summarise a set of observable actions related to the product or service. (Hayes, 2008) The largest contributor to customer satisfaction, however, is something an organisation cant fully control; the customers perceptions. Whether theyre based in fantasy, fiction, or some other state of unreality, perceptions have the weight of fact. In the business of pleasing customers, perceptions are fact. Perceptions are also wildly inconsistent. Two different customers can consume the exact same product and have radically different perceptions about its quality. The differences may result from expectations each customer brought to the transaction, or they may simply result from varying powers of perception. Moreover, even one customer with consistent expectations might have varying perceptions about a products quality, depending on his or her mood, or stress level, the time of day, the alignment of the planets whatever. Its tempting to conclude that customer satisfaction is whatever the customer happens to think it is at any point in time. (Hayes, 2008) Customer Psychology and behaviour Apruebo (2005) defined consumer Psychology as the study that deals with the activities directly involved in selecting, obtaining, and using products, services and ideas to satisfy needs and desires, including decision process that precede and follow these actions. It is an applied branch of psychology on consumer behaviour. Consumer behaviour is the study of buying units and the exchange processes involved in acquiring, consuming, and disposing of goods, services, experiences and ideas. First and foremost, emerging definition refers to the concept an exchange process, as a fundamental element of consumer behaviour. A consumer is inevitably at one end of an exchange process in which resources are transferred between two parties. (Solomon, 2009) Consumer behaviour is an interesting field of study. Its nature is dynamic and an interactive process. All of us are consumers because our tendency or impulse can direct us to market our everyday purchase decisions in the marketplace or any shopping place. Summary The review also identifies the impact of social network marketing on businesses along with its advantages and the disadvantages. The literature review gives a greater understanding on the chosen topic set out in the aims and objectives, by the comparative study by different authors, and by highlighting areas of research that have not been fully explored. The information found enabled the researcher to come across different theories and ideas that need to be considered so as to proceed further into the research. The limitation that was faced while doing the literature review were that it was sometimes quite difficult to find the information on certain areas of subject as topic being very contemporary and not many books or journals being published on this topic. The upcoming section will be examining methodology, where the usage of different types of research will be discussed in order to gain appropriate and thorough information. Methodology 2011 Chapter four * Introduction to methodology * Triangulation * Objective one * Objective two * Objective three * Summary Introduction to methodology The research methodology defines what the activity of research is, how to proceed, how to measure progress, and what constitutes success. It provides advancement of wealth of human knowledge, tools of the trade to carry out research, tools to look at things in life objectively; develops a critical and scientific attitude, disciplined thinking to observe objectively; skills of research particularly in the age of information. According to Fisher (2007) methodology is the study of a whole academic field. It is a stepping-back from a subject and a consideration of it at a broader and deeper level. The research methodology is a science that studying how research is done scientifically. It is the way to systematically solve the research problem by logically adopting various steps. Also it defines the way in which the data are collected in a research project. Several different methods are commonly used in research project and it would vary according to the nature of the aim and objective, scope of the topic and thesis and the sources of data which are used. (Jankowicz, 2005) Triangulation Triangulation is the use of multiple methods; usually quantitative and qualitative research, in the study of the study of the same research problem. Triangulation is a complex methodology that usually requires a term of qualitative and quantitative researchers to maintain the integrity of both methodologies. The philosophical basis and assumptions for both quantitative and qualitative research must be maintained when these methodologies are combined, if the findings are to be meaningful. (Grove, 2005) Objective one: Analyse the impact of social network marketing on other businesses. Marketing managers from two organisations will be interviewed in order to justify the first objective which helped him to have a thorough knowledge of the impact of social network marketing on the businesses. They are very short personal interviews which will mainly offer realistic data which is much appropriate to obtain a detailed vision into the first objective, with the hopefulness of achieving first-hand knowledge or primary data. The questions which are designed will be same to all the marketing managers. The researcher was encouraged by the words of Fisher (2007) that the idea of an interview is straightforward, the interviewer engages in informal conversation with the respondent about a particular area of interest. The interviewer may steer the conversation a little, by picking up on the cues and themes raised by the respondent, but generally the respondent leads the direction of the interview. More comprehensive information can be obtained during an interview, however the co re strength of an interview cannot always be accurate as some interviewees may feel forced into providing better responses, but actually contributing prejudiced data. Some online articles, books and case studies will also be referred to elaborate the impacts of social networking marketing on the businesses. Objective two: Analyse the advantages and the disadvantages of the social network marketing in a business context. The mix of personal and the email interview will the method which will be relevant for second objective and will justify the same. It will be made sure that the format of the questions is simple, easy to understand, concised and precise so that the respondents are able to understand each one of it. There would be around 8 questionnaires in the interview with the mixture of closed and open questionnaire. The difference between closed and open questionnaire is simple. The closed ones have lots of tick boxes for respondents to fill in, whereas open questionnaires allow a free response so that people answer using their own words. (Long, 2007) The second objective which will analyse the advantages and disadvantages of the social network marketing, mix of secondary resources like books, internet, journals, case studies etc. may be helpful to the research and to get some elaborated information because some people may feel shy sharing the information during face-to-face interview and questionnaires and therefore giving a good backup to the objective. Objective three: Analyse the effectiveness of social network marketing. The third objective is to analyse the effectiveness of social network marketing so in order to obtain exceptional outcomes the researcher thinks that it is reasonable to procedure explanatory research, making a precise blend of interviews, statistical data and facts, books and various other methods. The researcher thinks that the information or data relevant to objective three is very limited and hence using a blend of interview, statistics, books etc. is very simple in the growth of knowledge to gain a better understanding. Fisher (2007) thinks that observation is relatively underused method in research hence it will be sensible thing to use this method as it provides good examples and information to illustrate the objective. Observation can be used as a technique to gather quantitative data, and quantitative data may be combined into a participant observation study as it is most commonly associated with qualitative research derived from an ethnographic tradition of studying different peoples way of life (Long, 2007). The researcher would be observing his workplace (Cumin Restaurant) to justify third objective as Facebook community page was made by the researcher so as to observe the effectiveness of the social network marketing. Summary This report has examined some insight into the theoretical outline that constructs the essentials of the methodology. It demonstrates and explains the choice and use of various research methods that are appropriate to the aims and objective of the research project chosen. It is a sound justification of chosen methods, including evidence of secondary data supporting the choice of methods. Alternative methods have been demonstrated confirming malfunction is not a possibility because of external restrictions and limitations. Some objectives are justified by a single method but there are some objectives which required more than one method to justify it. Findings 2011 Chapter five Introductive to aim and objectives Findings from Questionnaire Findings from Interview Introduction to aim and objectives This is the largest and probably the most important part this research. This chapter gives an opportunity to discuss the research findings, based on the methods used that were already been discussed in the methodology. These findings are derived from the analyses of statistical data and interviews used for research collection and the measurement of data. Important points of this chapter are linked back to principle ideas in the Literature Review with the evidence obtained in the research. Aim To analyse how social network marketing can help in the effective marketing of a business. Objectives Following are the objectives of the report: Analyse the impact of social network marketing on other businesses. Analyse the advantages and the disadvantages of the social network marketing in a business context. Analyse the effectiveness of social network marketing. Findings from Personal Interview Mr. Sandeep Anand Owner, Manager, The Cumin Restaurant, Nottingham 1. Do you or your business have a profile on any social network? Which? Sandeep: Yes I had a personal profile on Facebook previously but as I came to know that now businesses can make their community page on it as well, I made my business profile. 2. How often do you update your profile? Sandeep:My web designer generally updates my business page which is usually updated once a week. 3. Did it make any difference to your business? Sandeep: Not really at the moment, because the profile is quite new, not many people know that we are in Facebook but I hope as the time passes we will get some customer through it. In my knowledge I have got three costumers giving reference from Facebook. 4. Did anybody recommend you to have a profile on social network? Sandeep: Yes, my web designer recommended me to have one, which I thought is a good idea. 5. If no, then what made you join? 6. Have you identified any business advantage of using Facebook over traditional media? Sandeep:The biggest advantage of using Facebook is there are good choices which you can make according to your budget and if you are not interested to spend any money just make a profile page and dont publish it. But you have to put extra effort to make it more effective. 7. What are the drawbacks of social networks to the business? Sandeep:I have seen some business which has got negative comments which can be viewed by all viewers which is not good for the business. So I think privacy and security is the biggest drawback. 8. Would you recommend anyone to have a business profile on social networks? Why? Sandeep: Yes definitely, because it gives you an edge over other businesses with very little cost and is more effective than the traditional forms of advertising if used effectively. I will highly recommend to the small and medium businesses which are coming into this sector as a fresher with a minimal budget. Findings from Email Interview Ms. Srijana Gurung Restaurant Supervisor (Chino Latino)/Duty Manager, Park Plaza, Nottingham A same set of questions was sent to Ms. Srijana Gurung who is a Restaurant Supervisor and a duty manager in Park Plaza Hotel in Nottingham. Answer 1: Yes I have a personal profile and a profile for my hotels restaurant Chino Latino. My hotel gave me liberty to make a profile page for their restaurant as it is good for their hotels business and for their restaurant as well. Answer 2: I go on to the profile daily just to have a look and to make necessary updates for eg. I introduced a new staff uniform for my restaurants staff, so I have put the pictures of it. Answer 3: Fan following and liking has gained good publicity of our restaurant but we havent measured any difference but I hope it goes well in the future. Answer 4: No, nobody recommended me. Answer 5: It is one of the most upcoming trends of having a profile on the Facebook and in this post recessionary period many businesses have made their pages on Facebook and results are very positive. So I thought of having one for my restaurant. Answer 6: Yes, I am sure there are many advantages of social network marketing over traditional media. They are very cheap, cost efficient, easy to manage and operate and the bst one is they are very contemporary. Answer 7: They take time to show results. There is very less privacy. Anybody can have their profile page on these social networks and even fake profiles can be made and some of these fake profile. Answer 8: Yes absolutely, they are here for us to use and to use efficiently and as they are very cheap they are very affordable but has to be managed properly and updated regularly. But do maintain the businesss privacy level so as to protect from spam and fraud. Statistical Data (Econsultancy, 2010) * Facebookclaimsthat 50% of active users log into the site each day. This would meanat least 175 million users every 24 hours A considerable increase from the previous 120 million. * Twitternow has75 million user accounts. * LinkedInhas over50 million members worldwide.This means an increase of around 1million members each month since July/August last year. * Facebook currently has in excess of350 million active users on global basis.Six months ago, this was 250 million meaning around a 40% increase of users in less than half a year. * More than 35 million Facebook users update their status each day. * Wikipediacurrentlyhas in excess of14 million articles, meaning that its 85,000 contributors have written nearly a million new posts in six months. * Photo uploads to Facebook haveincreased by more than 100%.Currently, there are around2.5 billionuploads to the site each month this was around a billion last time I covered this. * There are more than70 translations availableon Facebook. Last time around, this was only 50. * Back in 2009, the average user had 120 friends within Facebook. This is now around 130. * Mobile is even bigger than before for Facebook, withmore than65 million users accessing the site through mobile-based devices.In six months, this is over 100% increase. (Previously 30 million). * There are more than3.5 billion pieces of content(web links, news stories, blog posts, etc.) shared each week on Facebook. * There are now 11million LinkedIn users across Europe. * Towards theend of last year, the average number of tweets per day was over27.3 million. * The average number of tweets per hour was around1.3 million. * More than 700,000 local businesses have active pages on Facebook. * Purpose-built Facebook pages have created more than5.3 billionfans. * 15% of bloggers spend10 or morehours each week blogging. * India is currently the fastest-growing country to use LinkedIn, with around 3 million total users. * More than 250 Facebook applications have over amillioncombined users each month. * 70%of bloggers are organically talking about brands on their blog. * 38% of bloggers post brand or product reviews. Analysis 2011 Chapter six * Introduction to analysis * Objective one * Objective two * Objective three * Aim Introduction to analysis The main aim of this dissertation is to analyse how social network marketing can help in the effective marketing of a business. Having successfully collected the necessary secondary and primary data for this research, the results have been produced and now will be analysed. To re- acquaint the reader, the initial aim and the objectives of this research have been outlined below. The analysis is broken down into sections which correspond to each objective outline. Firstly an analysis of interview results will be examined, to see if they are supported by the literature review. In this section the questions that were most relevant and most addressed the aims and objectives will be analysed and reflected upon to see how the research could be improved in the future. The questions from the interviews will be linked with the literature review, in order to be more analytical and answer the main aim of this research. Objective 1: Analyse the impact of social network marketing on other businesses. From the interview and statistics it is proved that social networking is a real good marketing tool for the businesses specially the small and medium enterprises.The mainstream print and broadcast media have faced major challenges in recent years, with many newspaper titles facing closure and television channels facing shortfalls in revenue. An important reason for this has been migration of significant amount of advertising budgets to online channels. Social networks like LinkedIn and Facebook are the best suited for marketing. According to Mr. Anand the results are time consuming, it cant be listed overnight. According to him, not many people know that we are in Facebook but I hope as the time passes we will get some customer through it. In my knowledge I have got three costumers giving reference from Facebook. This means it takes time but shows good result. Objective 2: Analyse the Advantages and disadvantages of the social network marketing in the business context After the interview from the manager of the Cumin restaurant Mr. Sandeep said that the biggest advantage of using Facebook is there are good choices which you can make according to your budget and if you are not interested to spend any money just make a profile page and dont publish it. But you have to put extra effort to make it more effective. And when we asked him about the disadvantage this was his answer I have seen some business which has got negative comments which can be viewed by all viewers which is not good for the business. So I think privacy and security is the biggest drawback. When we look at the advantages there are many advantages. The biggest advantage is that it is very cheap. In this post recessionary period it is very difficult to pay for the high advertising costs, so social media marketing is the best available option for the small businesses. From the literature review Social network networking has many advantages which makes it an interesting and a useful marketing tool for any business. This tool is cheap compared to other methods of advertising, when it comes to costing to reach the target audience. Another advantage is that it is easy to record and review any marketing campaign which makes it easier to analyse the changes that need to be made in service or products. But when we look at the negative side of it, social network marketing has got some disadvantages as well. According to Shih (2009), the biggest drawback of social network marketing is that the business could be the main targets for the detractors and their criticism which would ma ke people who are interested in the business turn off by reading the negative comments. Some of the common disadvantages of social networks are security and safety of the business, violation of copyrights, vulnerable to thefts and scams. (Sethi and Adhikari, 2010) As we know anything in the world has advantages and so the disadvantages. Social networks may become a nightmare when you dont take it seriously. Fraud and piracy is the biggest disadvantage of social networks. A negative comment can have a bad impact on the business. Objective 3: Analyse the effectiveness of social network marketing. According to Mr. Anand and Ms. Gurung, it takes time to know how effective the social network marketing is for the business but as we look at the statistics it is clear that it is a very good effective tool. Social networking sites offer businesses many opportunities for engagement. When business profiles are created, they can exist as people on the sites. Friends can interact with the brands, share information, photos, and videos, and participate in two-way communication. The brand as person enhances the ability of a brand to use conversation marketing. Building a brand persona strengthens brand personality, differentiates brands from competitors, and sets the stage for a perceived relationship. Assuming the brands persona is likable and credible, it can facilitate message internalisation (the process by which a consumer adopts a brand belief as his or her own). (Tuten, 2008) The literature review, analysis of the objective one and objective two together analyse the objective three. Aim: The main aim of this dissertation is to analyse how social network marketing can help in the effective marketing of a business. The three objectives above justified this aim but still there are some evidence to be given like do working conditions affect the way people work in an organisation, 17 out of 20 people said that working conditions are very essential to work efficiently. They dont like working in boring environment with everything to do and nothing to gain. They like working in condition where they feel that they are important for the organisation and they should feel motivated. Conclusion 2011 Chapter seven Conclusion The aim of dissertation has been met by the author and has found that leadership and management run on the same track and should be always be in relation with each other because no company could work if management and leadership dont complement each other. The researcher also showed different leadership styles and management styles which were his objectives. This research used several methods in order to produce the findings such as interviews, questionnaires. Looking back at the research outcomes and the methods undertaken, this dissertation could be improved by using a variety of methods when collecting the findings such as arranging more interviews with public and private sectors, having a contingency plan if the time was inconvenient for the businesses. When doing the questionnaire, there were a few problems the author faced such as the aim of asking 30 working people was not achieved due to lack of time. Same went with the interviews. Researcher planned to do 3 interviews but could do just one because of same reason, lack of time. Overall the author feels that the outcome of this research has been relevant to the aim of this dissertation. The author felt that the questionnaire and the interviews were appropriate for this project Self Reflection 2011 Chapter nine Self reflection If the researcher will get another chance to make this project he would take special care of time management because in this project time wasnt managed well, was left everything for last. Because of bad time management the researcher felt pressurised at the time of the submission. However this dissertation was well made but there is always a room for improvement. Therefore, researcher will try be academic. Use of Harvard Referencing will be used with the appropriate punctuation mark. Grammar will be taken care of. There was lot of pressure on me with lots of assignments at one time. So the ultimate point is that time management is very necessary. But this was the first research project and the researcher learnt lots of new things like taking an interview, how to go with the research flow and many more things.

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Herodotus And Sima Qi The First Great Historians Essay

Herodotus and Sima Qian: The First Great Historians of Greece and China is a book that provides historical context on both ancient Greece and ancient China written by Thomas R. Martin; Additionally the book provides primary source documents written by ancient historians Herodotus and Sima Qian, who tell the history of their nations through numerous anecdotes. Although the two historians have different motives behind their works since Sima Qian writes the history of ancient China for personal gain and Herodotus writes to preserve the history and doings of ancient Greece, they both share topics such as honor in war and women in leadership positions that represent the morals and ideals of the two ancient civilizations. The contrast in the motivation behind the creation of these two works is created through the attitudes and theories in play during the time in which the author’s lived in. Looking into Sima Qian’s motives which he attributes to the desire to â€Å"†¦have paid the debt of my shame, I will have no regret if I am killed ten thousand more times!† (Sima Qian, 93). The debt being the humility he has brought his family name after being castrated for speaking out of line to the emperor. The punishment and the reaction to this punishment reflect the two major schools of thought present during Sima Qian’s time. These two schools of thought were the ideas of Confucius and Legalism. The ideas of Confucius supported tradition and the respect for ancestry (McKay, 103) while

To What Extent Did Lenin Adhere to Communist Ideology in His Consolidation of Power free essay sample

To What Extent Did Lenin Adhere To Communist Ideology In His Consolidation Of Power? In this essay I will first explore how the Bolshevik party developed communism in Russia after their success in the Russian Revolution. I shall then revise if Lenin remained faithful to communist ideals, and if not, why. To answer a question on communist ideology, it is crucial to define communism in its root forms. Marxism, the political belief from which communism is derived, is the political theory by Karl Marx in the mid-to-late 19th century, which calls for a classless society. It declares that capitalism in all its forms is destructive for a society, and that each individual should work for the government, therefore for the common good of all the society. Vladimir Lenin took Marx’s theory and applied it to post-revolution Russia. After the October Revolution of 1917, Lenin introduced three political policies, that each imposed communist ideals on the country. We will write a custom essay sample on To What Extent Did Lenin Adhere to Communist Ideology in His Consolidation of Power? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Council of People’s Commissars (or Sovnarkom), created in November 1917, was the first step towards the political construction of the Soviet Union. The members were all Bolsheviks, and each one was part of Lenin’s elitist Vanguard party. Lenin was chairman, Alexei Rykov Commissar of the Interior and Leon Trotsky was appointed Commissar of Foreign Affairs. With this union, the Sovnarkom governed the territories the Bolsheviks controlled, and therefore applied communism as the political state. It was a year later, in February 1918, when Lenin again enforced communist ideals on Russia. He secularized the country, banning religious teachings in the classroom. Between April and June, the state took ownership of banks, mineral resources, foreign trade and national industries, and outlawed the inheritance of property. A new constitution was formed on the 10th of July, 1918, and the state was re-named the Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic (RSFSR). Based upon the ‘He who does not work, neither shall he eat’ communist philosophy, the RSFSR declared itself as a classless society, with no privatization of property and religious freedom. Anyone could vote, apart from previous members of the Tsarist government. The All-Russian Congress of Soviets was declared the new electoral system. The third major implementation of communist Leninism was what is now known as War Communism. This economic policy was introduced during the desperate years of the Russian civil war, lasting from June 1918 to 1921. All forms of economic production and distribution were strictly controlled by the government, and all forms of private trade were made illegal. In an attempt to fairly distribute food around the impoverished country, and also to supply the army, a mass requisitioning of grain was ordered to be carried out throughout the country. The food was rationed to each proletariat population, according to its contribution to Russia’s economy. Non-working classes were forced into labor, and a strict discipline was imposed on many industrial workers. If the workers showed any sign of resistance, they could be shot. To sustain the industrial and social workings, the printing of vast amounts of money was ordered. Even though Lenin imposed these political reforms so that Russia could make it through the civil war in one-piece, the harsh nature of these policies had disastrous effects. Inflation destroyed the rouble, and dire famine struck many parts of Russia. All in all, during the years of 1917 to 1921, it is estimated that the amount of deaths because of disease and famine is about nine million. Parts of the peasant populous, which had been deeply affected both by the civil war and by the scarceness of food, gathered together and conducted uprisings throughout Russia in protest. During the escalation of the Russian revolution, Lenin had relentlessly stuck to and promoted his communist beliefs and ideals. But when it came to the actual implication of them on Russian society, the issue proved to be more complicated. As noted by historian D. Mitchell, â€Å"The Bolsheviks had not captured a Ship of State, they had boarded a derelict†. This statement refers to the strenuous socioeconomic situation that reigned over Russia after the October revolution. The people were exhausted after overthrowing the oppressing Tsarist regime, and the country was in political disarray. To properly control Russia, and to bring it back to a steady Soviet state, Lenin commenced several policies that seemed to go against his communist philosophies. The first of these communist-contradictions occurred in March 1918, known as the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. Fulfilling their promises concerning Russian withdrawal from World War I, the Bolsheviks released the ‘Decree on Peace’, which ordered all fighting forces to form peace treaties in their according regions. As a result, Ukraine, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland were taken under German occupation. This trade to Germany in exchange for peace meant that Russia lost 32% of its agricultural land, 26% of its population and 75% of its coal and iron resources. This condition frustrated many pure-communists. It was a political move that was seen as severely un-patriotic, and Lenin was castigated as a traitor by many. Lenin denounced these accusations, noting on his ‘two steps back, one step forward’ philosophy. The biggest political decision made by Lenin, that contradicted the basic principles of communism, is considered to be the New Economic Policy (NEP). On March 7th, 1921, until the 17th of that month, there was an insurgence of revolts that occurred from the naval base at Kronstadt. The sailors that occupied the military base, who had previously greatly supported the Bolshevik movement, now produced a list of demands that included freedom of press, elections by secret ballot and the release of political prisoners. The uprising was of course bloodily suppressed, much like that of the peasants, but it nevertheless prompted Lenin to introduce new political measures that would benefit the economy of the country, and therefore satisfy the frustrated population. The act of requisition of grain was lifted, and the peasants were to pay a low tax that would take the form of food. In addition to this, although the land still belonged to the government, peasants were allowed to sell their surplus grain, as well as hire labor and machinery. The heavy industry, transport and foreign trade still remained in the control of the state, but freedom of enterprise was re-introduced to small businesses and factories. Furthermore, in October 1922, the rouble was introduced again and reconstituted. Although these socioeconomic changes had the potential to help Russia’s economic success and stability, the capitalistic nature of the NEP created uproar amongst the Bolshevik party. Like in the instance of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, Lenin was seen as going against the greater-good of his country. Fortunately for Lenin, he had established the rule against factionalism in 1921, right after the uprisings at Kronstadt. This rule ‘On Party Unity’, made the forming of factions within the party illegal, and also condemned anyone who disagreed with the higher rank of the group. Due to the creation of this rule, no one could openly disagree with Lenin, and therefore display animosity against his implication of the NEP.

Waist-to-Hip Ratio Essay Example

Waist-to-Hip Ratio Paper It can be seen that the relationship is linear between the WHR, i. e. the lower the WHR value the more attractive the image is considered to be. Whereas, the BMI the data is not linearly related and that the lower the BMI score the image seems to be unattractive and the higher the BMI score the image is also considered to be unattractive. As the BMI is not linearly related a quadratic formula had to be used in order to better predict the rating. Therefore the residuals had to be analysed in order to justify this. Graphs 5 and 6 show the distribution of the residuals for the attractiveness rating and the relationship of them with the fitted values, respectively. The residuals were distributed normally and the relationship seemed linear, but seemed to have a high variance. Similarly with the residuals of WHR (graphs 7 and 8), residuals were normally distributed and an approximate linear relationship with the fitted values. However, the residuals for the BMI, although normally distributed (graph 9), did not have a linear relationship with their fitted values (graph 10). So a quadratic formula was used which resulted in a much smoother parabola (graph 11) showing the same relationship from graph 3 but more clearly. As all the residuals were approximately normally distributed regression analysis was valid and applied (table 1) using the quadratic (BMI2) as one of the predictors. This resulted in only just under 30% (R-sq = 29. 0%) of the variance being explained by the three predictors. This was probably due to other contributing factors that were not taken into account during the experiment such as the gender of the subjects, cultural differences e. t. c. We will write a custom essay sample on Waist-to-Hip Ratio specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Waist-to-Hip Ratio specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Waist-to-Hip Ratio specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer An analysis of the variance was applied and resulted in a very highly significant variance ratio (874. 55) suggesting that both the BMI and WHR were significant contributing factors. The first table of best subsets (table 3) shows that the WHR is the more influential of the two factors. However, only 29% of the variance has been explained and this is not much, so could be inaccurate. So, a cubic formula was tried and this resulted in a more accurate regression equation (table 4) and a greater proportion of the variance was explained (46. 4%). The best subsets (table 6) showed that the BMI was the best contributing factor with the WHR second. The analysis of variance (table 5) confirmed that the significance of the two factors in predicting the attractiveness rating had increased (variance ratio = 1390. 05). The same test was done to discover if using a formula with the power 4 would make a more accurate predictor. This was true and R-sq = 48. 8%, so the accuracy was beginning to plateau off at around 50%. The best subsets of the power four attempted, however was impossible to compute as the correlation was too high. Using firstly, the quadratic allowed a relationship between the three values WHR, BMI and attractiveness to be formulated and plotted against one another (graph 12). This shows that the relationship between the BMI and the attractiveness is always curved, however, the height and elevation of the curve always depends upon the WHR. The values are greatest for attractiveness where WHR is high and the BMI is in the middle of the range. This contradicts graph 4 where the lower the WHR the more attractive the image is considered to be. However, graph 4 only takes into account the influence of WHR alone, not the joint influence of both factors together like graph 12. Greater information could be been obtained if the subjects were asked their gender before rating the images. This would have allowed insight into whether males perception of attractiveness if different to that of womens. Also the age of the subjects could have been varied to see if the age of the individual has an affect on their perception of attractiveness. This has been researched by Fallon and Rozin (1989, cited in Singh 1994) as womens perception is thinner than that of mens ideal. This also works the opposite way, as the age and gender of the images could have been varied to see if either one has an effect upon attractiveness. Cultural differences both of the subject and of the image should be investigated. If the culture of the subject influences their perception, or if, for example, the colour of the person in the image matters to the subject. Are coloured people considered to be less, more or indifferent in their attractiveness to other different coloured people? Also, geographical differences, whether the ideal image of attractiveness varies between the populations of different countries. Yu and Shepard (1998, cited in Tovee Cornelissen 1999) have investigated this and among their findings concluded that Americans prefer higher WHRs to the English. Possibly a more important and more interesting factor could be eating disorders and the effect that they have upon the individuals perception of attractiveness. With the medias representation and obsession with supermodels there has been a steady increase of eating disorders among the population. This rise was predicted by the studies of Agras (1987 cited in Morris et al 1989) when the change in the body shape of women began to appear in fashion magazines. To conclude at first the WHR seemed to be the more important contributing factor (table 3) however, when using a cubic and the power of 4 the accuracy began to increase and it became apparent that the BMI was quite considerably the more influential of the two factors (BMI = 11. 3% and WHR = 9. 8%). This is supported by other research; however, there are many other contributing factors such as, age, culture and eating disorders, which need further investigation. References Morris, A. et al (1989). The changing shape of female fashion Models. Journal of Eating Disorders. 8: 593-596. Singh, D. (1994) Ideal female Body Shape: The role of body weight and Waist-to-Hip Ratio. Journal of Eating Disorders 16:283-288. Singh, D. (1994) Is thin really beautiful and good? Relationship between Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and female attractiveness. Personal and Individual Differences 16: 123-132 Tovee, M. J. Cornelissen, P. L (1999). The mystery of Female beauty Journal of Nature 399, 215-216